यह motivational story ऐसी है जिसको सुनकर आपकी आंखें खुल सकती है इस कहानी को जल्दी से जल्दी शुरू करते हैं
काफी समय पहले की बात है दोस्तों एक आदमी रेगिस्तान में फंस गया था
वह मन ही मन अपने आप को बोल रहा था कि यह कितनी अच्छी और सुंदर जगह है
अगर यहां पर पानी होता तो यहां पर कितने अच्छे-अच्छे पेड़ उग रहे होते
और यहां पर कितने लोग घूमने आना चाहते होंगे मतलब ब्लेम कर रहा था
कि यह होता तो वो होता और वो होता तो शायद ऐसा होता
ऊपरवाला देख रहा था अब उस इंसान ने सोचा यहां पर पानी नहीं दिख रहा है
उसको थोड़ी देर आगे जाने के बाद उसको एक कुआं दिखाई दिया जो कि
पानी से लबालब भरा हुआ था काफी देर तक विचार-विमर्श करता रहा खुद से
फिर बाद उसको वहां पर एक रस्सी और बाल्टी दिखाई दी इसके बाद कहीं से एक पर्ची उड़ के आती है जिस पर्ची में लिखा हुआ था कि तुमने कहा था कि यहां पर पानी का कोई स्त्रोत नहीं है अब तुम्हारे पास पानी का स्रोत भी है अगर तुम चाहते हो तो यहां पर पौधे लगा सकते हो वह चला गया दोस्तों तो यह कहानी हमें क्या सिखाती है यह कहानी हमें यह सिखाती है कि अगर आप परिस्थितियों को दोष देना चाहते हो कोई दिक्कत नहीं है लेकिन आप परिस्थितियों को दोष देते हो कि अगर यहां पर ऐसा हो और आपको वह सोर्सेस मिल जाए तो क्या परिस्थिति को बदल सकते हो
इस कहानी में तो यही लगता है कि कुछ लोग सिर्फ परिस्थिति को दोष देना जानते हैं अगर उनके पास उपयुक्त स्रोत हो तो वह परिस्थिति को नहीं बदल सकते सिर्फ वह ब्लेम करना जानते हैं लेकिन हमे ऐसा नहीं बनना है दोस्तों इस कहानी से यह शिक्षा मिलती है कि अगर आप चाहते हो कि परिस्थितियां बदले और आपको अगर उसके लिए उपयुक्त साधन मिल जाए तो आप अपना एक परसेंट योगदान तो दे ही सकते हैं और मुझे पूरा भरोसा है कि अगर आपके साथ ऐसी कोई घटना घटित होती है आप अपना योगदान जरूर देंगे यह कहानी आपको अच्छी लगी होगी अगर आप चाहते हो कि आपको ऐसी मजेदार कहानियां मिलती रहे तो आप बिल्कुल सही जगह पर है
दोस्तों मेने आपका ज्यादा समय खराब नहीं किया और इस motivational story को मैंने कम से कम शब्दों में समेटने की कोशिश की है जो कि मैं कर पाया अगर आपके कोई सुझाव हो तो कमेंट के माध्यम से मुझे जरूर बताएं और अगर आपको यह motivational story अच्छी लगी हो तो इस कहानी को और लोगों से आपके दोस्तों के साथ आप शेयर करिए शुक्रिया
Extinction is when a species is completely wiped out from Earth.
Once the last living individual of a species dies, the species is said to be extinct.
Deforestation
Deforestation is the destruction of forests by cutting down trees.
Deforestation leads to habitat loss for many animals.
Causes of deforestation
Deforestation can occur due to one of the following reasons:
Procuring land for cultivation.
Building houses and factories.
Making furniture or using wood as fuel.
Natural causes such as forest fire and severe drought can also cause deforestation.
Consequences of deforestation
Deforestation increases the temperature and pollution level on the earth.
It increases the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
It also reduces the level of groundwater.
Droughts
Drought is the lack of water in an area. Droughts can happen due to lack of rainfall.
Desertification
Formation of a desert by erosion of vegetation due to harsh weather is called desertification.
Human activities like deforestation and improper irrigation are also responsible for desertification of terrains.
Global Warming
Global warming is the change of climate on a global level.
Usually, average temperature increases leading to melting of ice caps in the poles.
Excessive pollution and deforestation cause global warming.
Species
A species is a group of individuals that can breed and successfully produce fertile offsprings.
Make the World a Greener Place
Recycling of Paper
Paper industry is a leading cause of deforestation since they need wood pulp.
Recycling paper can help in reducing the consumption of wood pulp by the paper industry.
Reforestation
Reforestation is restocking of the destroyed forests by planting new trees.
Wildlife Conservation
Conservation of forest and wildlife
Due to the threat from mankind’s indulgence, it is important for us to conserve the forest and its wildlife.
Wildlife is important for us to maintain balance in nature.
Wildlife sanctuary
A wildlife sanctuary, is a naturally occurring sanctuary, such as an island, that provides protection for species from hunting, predation, competition or poaching.
National Park
Flora and fauna
The plants and animals found in a particular area are termed flora and fauna of that area respectively.
National Park
A national park is a park that is used for biodiversity conservation.
They are developed and maintained by the union government.
Biosphere Reserves
Biosphere and Biodiversity
The biosphere is that part of the earth in which living organisms exist or which supports life.
Biological diversity or biodiversity refers to the variety of organisms existing on the earth, their interrelationships and their relationship with the environment.
Endemic species
Endemic species are those species of plants and animals which are found exclusively in a particular area.
Biosphere reserve
Biosphere reserves are areas that protected from human intervention.
These areas help in conservation of endangered species.
Project Tiger
Project Tiger was launched by the government to protect and conserve the dwindling tiger population in the country.
Several Natural parks have been associated with the project tiger initiative.
Endangered animals
Animals whose numbers are diminishing to a level that they might face extinction are known as endangered animals.
Ecosystem
An ecosystem is sum total of all the plants, animals and microorganisms in an area along with non-living components such as climate, soil, river deltas, etc.
Red Data Book
Red Data Book is the source book which keeps a record of all the endangered animals and plants.
Migration
Migration is the periodic movement of animals from one place to another.
It is usually done for breeding and to escape harsh climates.
A magnet is a material that produces a field that attracts or repels other such materials of magnetic nature.
Lodestone is a naturally occurring magnet. It attracts materials like Iron, Nickel, Cobalt, etc.
North and South Poles
A magnet is always bipolar with poles named north and south poles.
These two poles always exist together and can not be separated. North
pole of a magnet is the side which points to Earth’s geographic north
when it is freely suspended.
Like poles repel and unlike poles attract
Similar to charges, poles attract and repel. Like poles repel while unlike poles attract each other.
Bar magnet
A bar magnet is a rectangular object, composed of iron, steel or any
form of a ferromagnetic substance, that shows permanent magnetic
properties. It has two different poles, a north and a south pole such
that when suspended freely, the north pole aligns itself towards the
geographic north pole of the Earth.
Magnetic field
The region around a magnet where its magnetic influence can be
experienced is called a magnetic field. The direction and strength of a
magnetic field are represented by magnetic lines of force.
For More Information On Magnetic Field and Magnet Field Lines, Watch The Below Video:
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Iron filings test around a bar magnet
Iron filings around a bar magnet exhibit the magnetic field lines
that engirdle the bar magnet. The magnetic field lines can be explained
as imaginary lines that graphically represents the magnetic field that
is acting around any magnetic substance.
Magnetic field lines
Magnet’s magnetic field lines result in the formation of continuous/running closed loops.
The tangent to the field line at any given point indicates the direction of the total magnetic field at that point.
The greater the number of field lines crossing per unit area, the
higher the intensity, the stronger the magnitude of the magnetic field.
There is no intersection between the magnetic field lines.
Magnetic field lines for a closed loop
Since magnets have dipoles, magnetic field lines must originate and
end. Therefore by convention, it starts at the north pole and moves
towards the south pole outside the bar magnet and from south → north inside the magnet. Hence, it forms closed loops.
No two magnetic field lines intersect
Magnetic field lines do not intersect as there will be two tangential
magnetic field directions associated with the same point, which does
not occur. If a compass needle is placed at that point, it will show two
different directions of the magnetic field which is absurd.
Relative strength of magnetic field inferred from magnetic field lines
The closer or denser the magnetic field lines, greater is the magnetic field’s strength.
Magnetic Field Due to a Current Carrying Conductor
Oersted’s experiment
When electric current flows through a current carrying conductor, it
produces a magnetic field around it. This can be seen with the help of a
magnetic needle which shows deflection. The more the current, the
higher the deflection. If the direction of current is reversed, the
direction of deflection is also reversed.
Electromagnetism and electromagnet
An electromagnet is an artificial magnet which produces a magnetic
field on the passage of electric current through a conductor. This field
disappears when the current is turned off. The phenomenon of producing
or inducing a magnetic field due to the passage of electric current is
called electromagnetism.
For More Information On Introduction to Electromagnetism, Watch The Below Video:
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Magnetic field due to a straight current carrying conductor
When current is passed through a straight current-carrying conductor,
a magnetic field is produced around it. Using the iron filings, we can
observe that they align themselves in concentric circles around the
conductor.
Right-hand thumb rule
If a straight conductor is held in the right hand in such a way that
the thumb points along the direction of the current, then the tips of
the fingers or the curl of the fingers show the direction of magnetic
field around it.
Magnetic field due to current through a circular loop
The right-hand thumb rule can be used for a circular conducting wire
as well as it comprises of small straight segments. Every point on the
wire carrying current gives rise to a magnetic field that appears as
straight lines at the centre.
Magnetic field due to current in a solenoid
A solenoid is a coil of many circular windings wrapped in the shape
of a cylinder. When current is passed through it, it behaves similar to a
bar magnet, producing a very similar field pattern as that of a bar
magnet. To increase the strength a soft iron core is used.
Force on a Current Carrying Conductor in a Magnetic Field
Ampere’s experiment
When an electric conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it
experiences a force. This force is directly proportional to the current
and is also perpendicular to its length and magnetic field.
Force on a straight current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field
Force on a straight current carrying conductor is mutually perpendicular to the magnetic field and the direction of the current.
Fleming’s left-hand rule
Fleming’s left hand rule states that the direction of force applied
to a current carrying wire is perpendicular to both, the direction of
current as well as the magnetic field.
Electric motor
Electric Motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Current enters arm AB through brush X and current flows through
brush Y from C to D. Using Fleming’s LHR we find that the force pushes
AB downwards and pushes CD upwards.
In an electric motor the split rings PQ act as a commutator that
reverses the direction of the current. The reversing of the current is
repeated at each half rotation, giving rise to a continuous rotation of
the coil.
Electromagnetic Induction and Electric Generators
Faraday’s experiment
Faraday discovered that a magnetic field interacts with an electric
circuit by inducing a voltage known as EMF (electromotive force) by
electromagnetic induction.
Moving a magnet towards a coil sets up a current in the coil circuit, as indicated by deflection in the galvanometer needle.
Electromagnetic induction
The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction is the production of
induced EMF and thereby current in a coil, due to the varying magnetic
field with time. If a coil is placed near a current-carrying conductor,
the magnetic field changes due to a change in I or due to the relative
motion between the coil and conductor. The direction of the induced
current is given by Fleming’s right-hand rule.
Fleming’s right-hand rule
According to Fleming’s right-hand rule, the thumb, forefinger and
middle finger of the right hand are stretched to be perpendicular to
each other as indicated below. If the thumb indicates the direction of
the movement of conductor, fore-finger indicating direction of the
magnetic field, then the middle finger indicates direction of the
induced current.
Electric generator
The device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
AC Generation: The axle attached to the two rings is rotated so that
the arms AB and CD move up and down respectively in the produced
magnetic field. Thus, the induced current flows through ABCD.
After half rotation the direction of current in both arms changes.
Again by applying Fleming’s right hand rule, the induced currents are
established in these arms along directions DC and BA, therefore the
induced I flows through DCBA.
DC Generation: They work just like AC, instead use half rings to
produce current in one direction only without variations in magnitude.
Domestic Electric Circuits
Fuse
Fuse is a protective device in an electrical circuit in times of overloading.
Overloading is caused when the neutral and live wire come in contact due to damage to the insulation or a fault in the line.
In times of overloading the current in circuit increases (short
circuit) and becomes hazardous. Joule’s heating (resistive or ohmic
heating on the passage of current) in the fuse device melts the circuit
and breaks the flow of current in the circuit.
Domestic electric circuits
Livewire has a voltage of 220 V and is covered with red insulation.
Earth wire has a voltage of 0 V (same as Earth) and is covered with green insulation.
The neutral wire has black insulation.
In our houses, we receive AC electric power of 220 V with a frequency of 50 Hz.
Power loss in transmission
Power losses in transmission lines over long distances occur due to Joule’s heating. This heat (H)∝l2R causes losses where R is the line resistance.
